Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the Role of Jet Angle in Controlling the Flow of Transmission Gears

Gears play an important role in modern machinery and are indispensable transmission components, particularly at high speeds, where lubrication is essential for the reliability and efficiency of the gear unit. In order to study the oil coverage law and heat dissipation mechanism of high-speed rotating meshing gears by injection angle, this paper adopts the moving particle semi-implicit method to establish a high-speed rotating gear lubrication model, study the intrinsic effect of different jet angles on gear lubrication, and build a gear lubrication bench for experimental verification. Numerical simulation found that with an increase in spray angle, the gear surface coverage and heat transfer coefficient of the high-speed rotating transmission gears initially increase and then decrease. They reflect the same lubrication law characteristics. When the injection angle was 90°, the surface coverage and heat transfer coefficient values were at their greatest, resulting in the best spray lubricating effect. According to the experimental results, under the conditions of 0.5 MPa injection pressure and high-speed rotation of the transmission gear with vertical injection, the lubricant covers the largest surface area of the gear and the least power loss. Simultaneously, in our previous study, we experimentally obtained the optimal parameter conditions on the basis of which we derived. The effect of nozzle diameter on jet lubrication was investigated in a previous study, and in this article, the effect of nozzle angle and distance on gear lubrication is investigated; the optimal conditions for high-speed lubrication of gears are the incident distance of 3.5 cm, incident angle of 90°, incident diameter of 1.5 mm, and gear speed of 2000 r/min, and the lubrication effect reaches the best ideal state; reduction in oil loss due to oil injection lubrication and power loss due to different parameters of the lubrication system. Lubrication design provides a theoretical foundation for the transmission system.