Host-Guest Engineered Electromagnetic Fabrics with Controllable Polarization-Conduction Network for Multispectral Stealth and Wireless Actuation

The rapid advancement of lightweight, integrated, and intelligent electromagnetic systems intensifies demand for ultra-low absorber loading microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) with synergistic multifunctionality, while current progress remains constrained by insufficient theoretical frameworks and fabrication approaches. This work introduces, for the first time, the polarization-conduction network and employs host-guest engineering to develop target materials by controlling the network and leveraging the host-guest structure and electromagnetic properties. As a proof of concept, an electromagnetic fabric is fabricated by integrating MXene (guest) into a 3D framework (host), further modified with iron oxide nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane. The fabric integrates multiple exceptional functionalities, including microwave absorption (9617 dB g⁻¹ cm²), thermal radiation shielding (Δ145 °C mm⁻¹), solar energy absorption (91%), and superhydrophobicity (152°), with only 0.21 vol% absorber loading. Notably, these functionalities are synergistic and exhibit distinct sensitivities to variations in thickness and absorber loading. With these features, the fabric enables manageable multispectral stealth and facilitates the development of wireless actuators and solar energy harvesting devices. This work will advance MAMs toward lightweight, multifunctional, and intelligent applications, driving innovations in adaptive materials, stealth technologies, and energy harvesting systems.