Extracellular vesicle-packed microRNAs profiling in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular intermediary between pathology and diagnosis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), referring to a type of non-coding RNAs functioning in various biological processes, participate in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through increasing amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, enhancing Tau phosphorylation, and inducing neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as promising carriers of AD biomarkers as they possess the ability to transmit information from cerebral tissue to peripheral blood. Inspired by the above findings, we in this review systematically generalized the roles of miRNAs in AD and explored the potential of EV-packed miRNA as biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. Through the detailed investigation, this review may highlight the promise of EV-packed miRNAs in advancing our understanding of AD, and underscore the imperative needs of further studies on their diagnostic potential.