Enhanced Fourier single-pixel imaging via positive–negative dithering

Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) takes full advantage of the high modulation speed of digital micromirror devices by applying upsampling and spatial dithering to binarize grayscale Fourier patterns, thereby achieving efficient imaging. However, the upsampling process of patterns sacrifices spatial resolution. Here, we propose a binarization method for FSI that enhances reconstructed image quality without the need for upsampling. The key is applying spatial dithering with a serpentine path directly to both positive and negative components of Fourier patterns before binarization. By quantizing these components into {-1, 0, +1} values and subsequently mapping them to binary patterns, our method reduces quantization errors in Fourier coefficient acquisition. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the method significantly improves imaging quality. It can also be applied to other types of single-pixel imaging that use positive–negative grayscale patterns.