Accurate azimuth estimation method for FMCW radar based on moving arrays

Addressing the current challenges of weak target azimuth detection and inadequate precision in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar systems, this paper proposes a novel method for precise imaging based on a motion array using FMCW radar for accurate range and azimuth estimation. The approach involves the use of a millimeter-wave FMCW radar with a motion array to capture target angular information, leading to a substantial improvement in azimuth estimation resolution, particularly for munitions. Additionally, spatial Fourier transform array signal processing is employed to achieve two-dimensional precise imaging of radar targets, encompassing both range and azimuth dimensions. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showcasing an enhanced angular resolution of the millimeter-wave radar, reaching 2.6°. The method demonstrates favorable azimuth estimation outcomes in diverse scenarios, including those involving multiple and planar targets. Overall, the introduced technique significantly elevates the precise detection capability of automotive millimeter-wave radar systems.